ꨡူꨉ္းေꨀꨣꨵ

(Author By Ven. Pannabhoga)

uGmrf:erf:

Ozj,oulef:pof:eh.wkdef:trf,arjbl,auj.vAof bl,auj.vAof auj;N.wkdef:trf,Omif,xkuf, ugyf;Oifsv;oj;eef ugyf;yldof;oj; yAefulef:rj:bof.sv; N.uj;awvh;bl,Oof:vlnf; qgrf:e[:wlif,olif:ulef: P;ayj:rD:vgif;xkuf,rSef;qgrf:eif, 'dif;yldifwlif,olif: ulef:uGj,cmof:bmof: rldof:ej;eef.bof./
ulef:auj.tefbl,pif:ulnf:aO trf,arjpjcof;tguf,yldef; eef. qgrf:pdrf:Mrf:ref: yldef;yAefOifrD:Oif pAwf:Oifbl,auj; ref:awtrf,N.?pef? idef:qgrf:yldef;vj;vj:? ayj:trf,N.vgif; yldef;auj; yldef;awruf:ref;oj;ref:yAefulef:trf,N.Oif ulef:trf, cof;vgif;ehulnf:? ayj:pkdifrj: ekdif;trf,N.vgif;yldef; ekdif;cSef:trf, pwf:cof;su; tguf,umifyldef;? ayj:trf,uh.cof;su;tguf,umifyldef;auj; yldef;trf,N. quf:ref:? ayj:yldef;trf,N.quf:ref:auj; clyf,rldof; ref:yAefOifrD: Oifrj:auj;yldef;awtrf, cof;q[eldofref:? ayj:yldef; trf,ayj:cof;q[ eldofref:auj; yldef;awtrf,ayj:c[; wlnf:vldofref: ayj:yldef;trf, ayj:c[;wlnf:vldofref:rj:auj; ygif,oj;yldef;ygh,ySwf; ref:bof.? ayj:yldef; ygh,ySwf;ref:bof.auj; ygif,oj;ulef:auj.eef. vlof,vlof,vSuf; vSuf; wkdef:oj;yAefulef:wlef: uGj, pif:ulnf:ref: eef.bof./ ayj:yAefqldif. eefrj: ehqkdif yduf.Orf.oj;rD:umrf,vD aO rj:yAefulef:tgef,ekdif; qmwf;auj;awrD:wD;ygif,Oif awvh; wmif:rlef;Oldof:uwf:bAefvlnf; qgrf:wlif,olif:ulef:rldof;v[?ugrf;eef vDzkduf: pjcof;tguf, vAef;auj.yldef;P;rD:tlnf:auj.erferf? ayj:rD:tlnf:auj.erferfugef, vh;bl,Oof:e[:wlif,olif:ulef:auj; qif, awqmif;rD:wmif:Oldof: q[vh;e[:su; wlif,olif: ulef:? awj;trf, vldofaOqldof:trf,N.uGmrf: rldefeif,Owf: wdIqfOmef,cof bif:qmif; arjpjauj.aObl,qgrf:auj.z[ref:bl,/

သုိပ္ꨲꨡꨤꨓ္ꨲ-

wj,P;rD:tlnf:auj.vDerferf

wj,awrD:tlnf:auj.vDerferfeef. pof:Orf.awvh;pAwf:pkdofpj? Orf.vlof,vh; rD:erf.uwf.qldif.pkdof? ayj:rD:ikdef:crf:erferfugef, qif,awqmif;rD:tlnf:auj.vDpj.? ayj:pmif;vDzmifimrf:ugef, yldef;qif,awc[;rkdwf;pof:ehpkdof trf,eef rldofv[yh, nj,vgif;qmif; wmif:arjwArfwlofpof:oh.ugef,se, acj;wgyf,ref:sw. oj;]]trf,? yh, q[;yldifvliftefvrf,vgif;xdOkwf:ref:ugef,}}? yduf.Orf.oj;tefyAef]idkef:crf:? pmif;zmif sv;yh,nj,vgif;qmif;wmif:arj}eh. yAeftefvrf,vgif;wj,ulef: pof:ul;auj.bl, aOwj.auj; ulnf:uj; wj,aw pAwf:P;rD:tlnf:auj.erfeh. ref:yh,bl,wD;tefvrf,vgif;xdekdif; vh;? Oifc[;rD:tlnf:auj.erfehqkdif trf,wmyf;vlof,vh; vlif:wkdef: vmif:erf? trf,wmyf;vlof,Ogef,pmif;Ogef,zmifOif? vldofaOeef. trf,wmyf;vlof,vh; qlyf:qkrf; qlyf:cl:tD;OifvlifwD;v[rj:? yldifvlifref: 1. vlof,rD:erf.q[vDq[uGmif;? 2. vlof,arjvmwf;uGmrf:vD uGmrf:omef(Okzj Odwojqj)uGmrf:tefvDpuf.vDySif:(ydbojqj)sv; 3. trf,ayj:xD,ayj:eAof rguf;eh.ulnf:auj;ukrf,xlef;bof./ tlnf:auj.erftrf,erfeh. ref:uAof,uyf:vlnf; vgif;oh.omif: q[pof:uGmif;trf,uGmif;? vgif;pAwf:wmif:Omif;? wmif:vmwf;wmif:qj sv;wmif:bmrf;pof:wif:ykduf:? qkdifOrf.c[;rD:tlnf:auj.erfbl, ulnf: ukrf,rgif:y[.xj;P;yldef;rj:pjpof:ulnf:sw.rD:vh;bmyf,bl,? xkif:uGmrf:wh: rD:oh.oj; ]tefuGj,tefrj:}ehsv; ayj:rD:tefuGj,qif,qmif;rD:tef rj:eef.bof./ ayj:pof:arj cof;q[eldofyldef; oh.erf.euf:yldef;tgef wmif:ugef, yldef;qif,awcof;q[eldofpof: oh.erf.euf:pof:rj:? ayj:pof:ukdof;pjyldef;ugef, yldef;qif,ugh;uj;pkdofpof:? ayj:pof:trf,okdof;pj yldef;auj; yldefawtrf,oj;pkdofpof:eef.bof./ aw:vfcj,se.uBD, wSrf;oh.oj; ]]tefqof;uof,cof;q[eldofyldef; (oh.erf.euf:yldef;) rguf;Ogif vldefeef. qAof:xkdifwD;aO tefqof;uof,cwf:q[pAwf:P; yldef;cof;q[ qof;uof, (oh.erf.euf:qof;uof,) rguf;OgifyDeef. ugef,}} ehbof./

P;arjqSuf,arjvlduf;tlnf:auj.vDtrf,vD

uj;yAefulef:qldof:tefpof:vh;xlyf:pef? uj;yAefulef:tefrj: bkrf.iSef;awj,pof: uj;tofrj:pAwf:tlnf:auj.vDpof:rlwf:rlwf:trf,vh;? ulef:auj.v[ukdif,vDtAef;auj. ulef:auj.v[trf,ukdif,vD tAef;auj.? auj.v[ukdif,vDbkrf, auj.v[trf,ukdif,vDbkrf,ehOrf. rD:xSif;ugef,/ awvh;vlduf;vDvDaOqif,ugh;ruf:ref;oj; yAeftlnf:auj.vDpof:bof./ z[z[auj;wkdef:bmrf;rD:tlnf:auj.z[ref:bl, ulnf:uj;e[:tlnf:auj. z[ref:qldof:eef. ayj:rj:qSuf,wlnf:ehawvh; pefrD:oh.zmifpmif; (vufcej)tlnf:auj.Ogifyldif? eef.sw.yAef tlnf:auj.vDsv; tlnf:auj.uSuf:ehbof./ ugyf;yldof;rD:qldif.eefsv; eif,pkdofawtrf, pAwf:auj.rSef;ulef:zdwf:eef. ykwfxqof; qif,Oif,Ogef qD.ae OAef;wmif:oh.oj;]taOoejq yjvje>? Yefwdwjenfq aOoej- P;ildif.so;ulef:rlduf;? P;vlduf;pAwf:auj. ulef:vD} ehbof./
ugyf;eefsv; tlnf:auj.tefoj;eh. ref:wkdef:vrf,vgif; wj,ulef:pof:aw.aw.sv; qArfrldof; Nofykdif:pof:yh,vh;vlduf; yh,vh;ruf: ref;oj;yAeftlnf:auj.vD tlnf:auj.qrfq[pof:eef. pof:xkuf,vD olef.xwf:Omif vAyf;pAef:wlnf:ykdef:Ohmihmauj.tefpof:awvlduf; yAeftlnf: auj.vDpof:eef.vDvDimrf:imrf:tgefwmif:ugef, qif,ugh;bgrf:pyf. ruf:ref;yAeftlnf: auj.vDpof:eef.vDaOyldef;bof./ wj,awvlduf;yAeftlnf:auj.vDpof:eef.Orf. awvh;pAwf: pkdofvlduf; vj,ayj:ehqkdif- tgefwmif:Okwf:sw. N.uj;wkdef:awvh;vAef; auj.wlnf: tgefwmif:bl, ulnf:uj;bj,ayzlrf;eSwf;bkrf,yldef;wArf Nofymuf, (bj,bkrf,yldef;ihm;) ayj:vAef;auj.uefpkdifrj:auj; awqmif;N.vgif; uefrj:vhg:vhg:? vldofaOeef. tefyAefwif:bmrf; (habit)cgifwlof uof,z[ref:eef.auj; awqmif;arjtguf, aeuef rj:vhg:vhg:trf,pmif.? ayj:N.vgif;ueferfrj:ugef, qif,awqmif;wSyf: wwf:qif, awqmif;vlduf;bof./ acj;tefoj; “tlnf:auj.vDtrf,vD vAef;auj.uefOmrf yDqif,N.”tefoj; eef. c[;oj;wD;qldif.eheh. bof./
ykef;wj,awvlduf;tlnf:auj. P;ayj:Omif,xkuf,ykef;wj,e[: zoz[ref:eef. ykwfxqof;pof: ayj:apj:oh. yefpof:wD;e[:ydw uwf xrf:qof;vDimrf:bl,? ref:qof;trf,ugrf.ulnf: vmwf;aeoh. vgif;tlnf:auj.vD tlnf:auj.aw.vgif;vAofulnf: ref:qof;wkdef: qSif;aeyj: zmifpmif;(vufcej)tlnf:auj.uSuf: tlnf:auj.phm. tlnf:auj. ygrfoh.yefpof:ul;qldof. ul;vgif;/ wD;eh;awaezmifpmif; tlnf:auj.vDtgefwmif:ugef,/


zmifpmif;vufcej,tlnf:auj.vDqAwf:yldif

1. clof:cgiftefyldef;trf,wgef. wgef;uefyefuefvhmvhmvh;eef. ref:wgef;vh;yefvh; (WkWfWW> WWjwd)? wD;eh;eh.ayj:ref:trf, q[;auj.tefcof;q[ rD:erf.q[vD eldofpof: ref:rD:Oif vh;udefOif vh;ekif;Oif vh;qmrf,ylnf;wmif: uwf:bAefOldof: Oj,qldif.pkdofauj; c[;P;pof:rD:c[;P;pof:vh;udefvh; ekif;vh;qmrf,ylnf;qldif. eif,ref:eef.ayj:ehqkdif ref:wkdef:aw trf,wgef;vh; yefvh;? ugyf;Oifsv;oj;eef Ozjoulef:pof:eh. wkdef:puf.clof:cgifqof;uof,ul;auj. clof:cgifqof;uof,eef. ekdif;ref: pmif;vDuj;pkdof ekdif;ref:uj;cefb[,uj;pkdof ekdif;ref:pjbmyf,uj;pkdof auj; ekdif;cSef:wldof:puf.Mrfuj;emef.eef.bof./ ekdif;qof;uof, wldof:puf.uj;pkdof ekdif;trf,c[;yefzmwf,qof;uof,uj;emef.? wlduf;wD;oj; Orf.ayj:cmrf,wkduf:ySwf;q[ wdwf:Mh;eldofclof:cgif (Orf,abj: qef,)ref: aOwgef;pof:vh;yef pof:vh;eef.sv; ykwfxqof; qif,ruf:ref;oh.oj;yAefvufcej,tlnf: auj.vDrhmekdif;eef.bof./

2. umeftefbmyf,zkdwf,eef.auj; ref:cmrf,pAwf:yefvh; (Wkuf uI> uaIjwd)? ulef:pof: ul;auj. ayj:oj;b[,rj:auj; ySif;eif,OSef:z[ymef ref: wD;z[pAif:ref:eef. N.wkdef:oj; rD:ej;umefoh.bl,Okdof;z[ wef:ref: trf,umefOkef,wlofauj; umefulef:wmif:erf N.uj; wkdef: ukrf,bkif;bmif; Omefcwf:qgrf:umefz[umef ref:bl,ul;rkdof. ul;oef:aw.bof.? e[:su;tefvh; bkif;qgrf:ej;umefz[umefref: bl,eef. zgif:rldof;pof:rD:vgif;bmyf,zkdwf, aOvgif;vgif; rD:yefpj aOyldifyldifrldof; pof:vlof,wmif:qhg;xSrfqldof:eef. ref:cmrf,oh.umef oh.imef:ref:aO bmyf,trf,oj;bmyf, Ndof.trf,cif:Ndof.? cmrf,Ndof. cmrf,rhg;cmrfbmyf,cmrf,zkdwf,? qgh;vldofwlnf:xkdifpof: trf,rkif;rgif:vmyf; vjzOifeldof pof:aO wlnf:xkdifqhg;xSrfpof:aw.aw.oj;oj;ehbof./

3. vgif;tefvDbldef.uef;bmyf,eef.auj; ref:bldef.uef;eldof pof: vh; (Wkufcr> crwd)? qgrf:vlnf;'dif; yldif;q[ykxkqef,pof:qmif;arjyAef qmif;vh; xlyf:rldefqldif. eif, zgif:rldof;rD:vgif; trf,wSuf,trf,vSif:eldofuef trf,eef rldof;vh;cmrf, wmif:yldef; aO,Olef:bj.uof:aO vh;bkrf, uGmrf:yldef;sv; vh;rD:vgif;xmif,zdwf: xmif,yldif;eldofuef trf,ygif,q[ eldofuefqldof:eef. Oifoj;rSef;rldof;pof: trf,vuf:trf,vSrfsv; vh;zdwf: rSef;uGj,eldofref:qldif.eefqkdif ref:arjbldef.uef;eldofpof: arjygif,q[eldofpof: trf,pefzdwf:pof: arjygh,omif:cGmif:yefpof: arjoh.q[uGmif;eldofpof:ehbof./

4. vgif;acj;Oldif,Odrf:Okef,wlof(secrete)ref:auj; ref:trf,xdrf,awj,pof:(UkOpOfO tjoduaIjwd)? ulef:pof:eh.trf,erfauj;at,vgif;Oldif,Odrf:Okef,wloftef oj;eef. wkdef:qmif;rD:bl,z[ref:bof.? awj,trf,vldofaOvgif; Oldif,Odrf:Okef,wlofref: bif:cmrf,pwf:xluf:tguf, rguf,vmwf;ae pof:vh;eh ayj:trf,bkrf,uefej,ej,ayj:ehqkdif wkdef:oj;trf, pwf:yef uefN.vj:vj:eef.bof.? wD;eh;Orf.ref:Orf.cmrf,pwf:vmwf; vgif;Oldif,Odrf:aepof:eef. ygif,oj;ref:bkrf,brfpof: aw.aw.oj;oj; qif,pwf:vmwf;bof.? tefeh.ref:aezmifpmif; tefauj.ekdif; rD:vgif;bkrf,brfqrfq[uefwArfNofymuf,bof.? Oifoj; auj.ekdif;sv; auj.ekdif; trf,rD:vgif;bkrf,brfuefqkdif wkdef:oj; tAef;auj.uefcmof: bmof:trf,vh; yh,qmif;yAeftlnf:auj.vDuefvh; vj:vj:eef.bof./

5. vgif;Oldif,Odrf:Okef,wlofpof:eef.auj; ref:arjOldif,Odrf: yef (UkOpOfO yIdUlpwd)? acj;eh.auj;ref:yAef Odeftefwkdof:urf bmyf,vlifOAef; ekdif;eif,uof,? bgef.yldof;oj; ulef:pof:urf;zgif; qmif;arjyAefq[ tefayj: vlof,yldef;yAefrAof: ekdif;ayj:trf,vlof, yldef;rj:Orf. qmif;vhm;xSif;vhm:ekdif; (rldof;vh; udefqgrf: yAefrAof:ekdif; rldof;trf,vh;udef qgrf:rj:Orf. yAefxSif;rAof:ekdif;)eef.bof./ zl;auj.teftof vgif;vDpof:uGj,ykdef zmof,aeyldef;eh.rD:at,? zl;auj.tefarjtof cmof,imof:vgif;trf,vD pof:uGj,vmwf;aeyldef;eh. trf,pjbmyf,aO tdwf:? tefeh.awvh; oj;yAefOzjoavjuvlifeh. tefekdif;bof./ ugyf;yldof;qmif;rD:qldif.Ehsv; ykwfxqof; trf,eef zl;rD:yh, nj,ykdef.N.cof rldefeif, TOj,eD,wdcofqSuf,szoh.oj;tlnf:auj.vD? tlnf:auj.uSuf: ehbof./ N.uefbl,ul;auj. vgif;oj;trf,vDcj.cldof: yldef; trf,vDvmwf; vgif; yldef;trf,vD ulnf:uj;ulef:bldef.vh;ref: trf,ayj:erfqldif.eif,oj; ulef: N.erfulef:urfat,eheef.bof./ wD;eh.Orf. ref:trf,uGj, cj.cldof:vgif;trf, vDpof:aeyldef;aOtrf,uj: ref:yhmqhg;Nrf,wlrf:yef rhmvyf.pof:ugef,ehbof./

6. nj:rldof;xlyf:az:cAefrj:auj; ref:trf,yhg,zj;ySwf;pof:aO wlnf:xkdifqhg;xSrfpof: (tjyWjOk e Qpwd)? rldof;zgif:tef trf,Omif,xkuf,sv;vh;wluf: udef:aO rD:bl, e[:su;cAef vh;Nyf.az:cAefbl,eef. ref:trf,ygh,ySwf;pof:aO cwf:q[qhg;uSwf,sc cwf:q[qhg; wkdwf.qefpof:tguf, ylef.vh;cmrf,qkef.aOpwf: awj,Ol;wmifpof:vh;ehbof.? eh.auj;trf, rD:q[tlnf:auj.vD eldofuefeSef,eSef, z[trf,pwf:qkef.wmifz[ eef.bof.? tdifeldofvufcej, tlnf:auj.vDrhmNuf:eh.aOTOj, eDwdauj;aeoh.oj;- ‘tlnf:auj.qldof:tef wlnf:xkdifrldof; bl,trf,vD? rldof; tkdyf:bmuf;? rldof;clof:cgifvl.Okrf:? rldof;xlyf:az:cAef? rldof; xkdifzuf:wlckef (rldof;ckdef; vkrf:)sv; urf:vkdef:Okwf:rj: rldof; xkdifyj,pAof; qldof:eh.ugef, qif,vh;oj;yAeftlnf:auj.vD’ehbof./

7. nj:rldof;yhm:rmuf;rD:pof:wluf:aO ugwf:pAef;bl,eef.auj; ref: wkdef:trf, xmif,vAuf.pof: (cDaEe ejwdrnfnwd)? erf.q[qldif.ehauj;pjbmyf, bl,/ xrf,rwj,ulef:pof: tefwkdef:yAefbl, rD:bl,wj,aOeef.sw.tlnf:auj.eh. uh.erfrldof;zgif:pof:wkduf. rmuf;wkduf.rD:? wkduf.vAif.vh;vlvh;? wkduf.yefwif:qhg;xSrf yldef;vh;rguf;eef.ulnf:? rldof;zgif:eif,eefeef. yD;egif. auj;wkdef:erf? tlnf:auj.tlnf:sO; auj;trf,pjbmyf,? tlnf:auj.r[,qldof:tefawc[;rj:rkdwf;ukdof: N.quf:xSif;auj; vldif,? uGj,wmif:v[ zSofxkdifv[auj; yAefulef:tefc[;Mif.pof: qlrf:vmwf;awj,pof:vhmvhm? rldof;zgif:eef. z[yAeftlnf:auj.aw.z[yAeftlnf:auj.ygrfeh wkduf.qSuf,uefbmyf,bl,? bgef.yldof;wkduf. rSef;zgif:tef qj,wj,ckdef;rmuf,tkdef; yAefcrf:clif:bl,eef.bof.? Oifc[;N.oj; auj.v[awyAef tlnf:aw. auj.v[awyAeftlnf:auj.ygrfehqkdif rSef;rldof; ul;qldof.ul; yldiftrf,rldefeif,q[eif,acj:aO tofyhm:rmuf;rD: pof:blyf;bgrf:uGj, wluf:vlif:uGj,sv; vh;tofyAefulef:ugwf:ulef:pAef;uGj,? xkdifwgef;tef qj,wj,vlif: crf:clif:yAef rmuf,tkdef;eef.rj:ugef,zl;auj. teftrf,tofq[yldif;eldofpof:? wkduf.puf.Mrfpof:? wkduf.uyf:Okdyf,wdwf:awj,pof:rldefuof,aOtrf,uj: trf,rD:vgif;xmif, vAuf.pof:aOOrf. yhm ckdef:qhg;xSrfwkdwf.qefpof:? yefwmif:q[tkef,pof:wj, aO,eef.bof. pof:awvh;N.oj; ref:yAeftlnf:auj.vD tlnf:auj.aw.ehbof./

zgef:vDvh;rD:tlnf:auj.vD

ykwfxqof;apj:oh.oj; ]]vgif;vh;rD:tlnf:auj.vDeh. umefvD umefrSwf;tefpof:yh, wgef.vh;pAwf:rSef;eef. qmif;vh;pAwf:Omif; rSef;rj:umefteftrf,rSwf; umefrlduf; umefvldif: qldof:tefbmrf;vh; pAwf: rj:qldof:eef.auj; qmif;pAwf:P;vlwf:bgrf: vlif:uGj,ehbof./ uAof,vlnf;vgif;tlnf:auj.vDeh.aO qof;tjeefWj bmrf;vof; vmwf;wD; ykwfxqof;oj; ‘Tzj:yAefqof;pof:wD;cj; ... ayj:rD:tlnf: auj.vD? ayj:vh;pAwf: auj.ulef:auj.tefrD:erf.q[vDehqkdifej; umeftefv[aOtrf,oj; wkdef:oj;rD:vgif;bof. wlof;uGj,ckdif;ekdif;aw. cj;aejqof;’ehbl,bof./ bmrf:eef. ykwfxqof;pof:qif,ckdef: wgyf,oj; ‘tjeefWj bj,ayoj;eef ayj:rD:tlnf:auj.vD? ayj: vh;pAwf:auj.ulef:auj. tefrD:erf.q[vDeh. umefOifaOtrf,oj; wkdef:oj;rD:vgif;bof.wlof; uGj,wif:rlwf:eef.bof. ’ehbof./ ykwfxqof;Okdyf,vmwf;aeuGj,oj; ‘rldefqldif.eif, Olvh;rj:xlyf: pefpAwf: auj.uofTzj:eh.sv; Olawtrf,vh;xlyf:az:uldwf,? xof;? yAef? whmxSif;qmwf;ej;eef.aO tgefuefMwf;xkdifwD; tefwefpjrgwf,phm tefMif.oj; ‘edoje’eef.uGj,z[ref:eef.bof. /

tlnf:auj.ygrf

rldefeif,rldof;pof:uGj,Okdof.clof:Okdof.cgif cldif;bdyf:wmif:wkdof:aO teftef ayj:trf,arjvlduf;ehqkdif qmif;nj:tefuSuf: tefygrf tefvSefeef. awj;eif,eefeif,uof, zgif:rldof;pof:vlduf;tlnf; auj.eef.auj; ayj:trf,arjvlduf;eh qmif;nj:tefuSuf: tefygrf tefvSefqldif.eefbof./ vlduf;nj:Okdof.nj:clof:cgifygrfeh. Vldof aOoj; ref:trf,ayj:vD trf,ayj:rD:erf.uwf.aO trf,ayj:q[.cmrf,eef. trf,ayj:rD:yefpjOifvlifvmifaOtrf,uj: wmif:qmif; rD:wD;q[.ref:bl,q[.umefvh;bl,yAefwD;yAeftgif;/ ulnf:uj;ayj:vlduf; nj:tlnf:auj.ygrfeh.sw. bj,ayoj;awvh;q[b[,ykdif;tdifcof cofbif:qmif;tgefpof: vl.Okrf:qgrf:cof ySwf;vhmqgrf: cofuGj,xSif;vl:ugef,/ wlofbmif,ref:rldefqldif.eif, tofwgifapj, yjsv;wgifauj;vh;qyf: thmcSof:yjuGj,qgrf:eef.bof./ eif,pkdofawtrf, vlduf;rSef;tlnf:auj.ygrfeef. tgefwmif:Okwf:awvh;vAyf; pAef:P;N.vh;zmifpmif; vufcej,tlnf:auj.ygrf tlnf:auj.uSuf: tlnf:auj.vSefqldof:eef.oh.bl,/ yldifzmifpmif;tlnf: auj.ygrfeef. ykwfxqof;pof: Oif,vmwf;oh.bl,wif:erfaOwj. wD;eh;sw. ulofvduf;Nofeh.bmof:ej,sv; awbgef:vlduf;tof tefpof:uh.pefuh. xlyf:ej,aOyldef; eef.urf;zgif;aO Oyf:vSif:uGj,rldefeif, aeoh.wD;w[;eh.bof. -

zmifpmif;vufcej,tlnf:auj.ygrf

• ]]tofvhmvhmuh.ej, trf,Ogef,wj,yefckdef:}}? wD;eh;eh.ygif,oj; auj.tefrldof; rj:trf,yj:Oifrj:aO ayj:ckdef:rldof:uGj,Orf. tofclof:cgifpof:rldof:uGj,wduf:wduf:? arjul;vhmvhmaOtrf, arjwSef:? arjbdrfvhmvhmaO trf,arjOlif,? arjtofvhmvhm trf,arjyef/
• ]]arjvmwf;P;q[ckdef; trf,yefbkdef;aOrAof:}}? auj.eh.Orf.ayj: tkyf,vhmvhmsw. pmif;ch;q[;q[;oh. rldefpmif;q[vDej,clof:cgifref:qldof:eef. pof:c[;rldof: tofq[.wkdof: rldof;v[auj;vh;? nj:rldof;pof:trf,rD: trf,wArfxlef;rj:auj; wkdef:oj;awqhg; awbkdef;awyefvh;ul;vgif;ulnf:uj; ayj:xkdifwD;aw.ref:rj:qkdif trf,vh;aOtef arjyef Olyf:yefuGmrf:vhmvhm vmwf; P;yldef;xmif,b[,vhmvhmulnf:/
• ]]arjtkyf,bgif;qgrf:vlrf: Ppof:qlrf:bkdef;P;}}? qldif.eif,uGmrf:wh:pof:oj; ]bgif;udef tmrf:udef}eheef. ayj:tmyf; rldefawvh;udefqgrf: trf,eefayj:vh;udefqgrf: sw.vyf: Nvyf:wjbgif;wduf:wduf: tmrf:wduf:wduf: tkyf,zmof:qgrf: vlrf:wmef,wmef,aO rkdof:sw.Omof:wduf:wduf: wmof:wduf: wduf:/
• ]]rldof;awauj,umefvldif: trf,bldif:tmef:awpmrf;}}? ayj:cof;qkdof;oj; yAefumefphm.umefrlduf; umefvldif:eh.bj,oj;awpmrf; wkdef:bgrf:yAeftlnf:auj.aO qhg;xSrfyefpSif: wj,aO,/
• ]]rldof;rj:yefekdif;Mh. Ohg.rldof:uGj,Omrfcef}}? rldefpmif;rD:erf.q[vDeldofpof: oh.? pAwf:uSif;yj:clof:wgef;tgef,tdwf:tD;aO rj:bkdef;rj:yefbl, ulnf:uj;rD:wmif: rkif;rgif:c[;vh;clof:cgif wD;pof:b[,b[,vlifvlif? clyf,rldof;rldof:ckdef:Orf. awj.tof rldof:uGj,erferf/
• ]]rldof;vDtrf,pefej; qj.rj:qif,xgifuef}}? rldof;vh;vDvh; yAefaOrD:vgif; uwf:bAefbl,eef. trf,wgef.ckuf:q[vh;? zldof,xlyf:wmif:rh;Orf.vSef;rj:pjpof:/
• ]]rldof;vlof,trf,pefej; ohm:rj:tkyf,Oifeef}}? zgif:rldof;pof: vlof,wmif: qhg;xSrf uAof,vlnf;ej;umefaO vgif;vgif;eef. trf,wgef.vh;pef ej;pefwjaOyguf; ulnf:uj; ohm:vifrj:tefyAefauj;ayj:yAefylef.bof.? bof.wlof;uGj,rllwf:bof.eef. Orf.uh.sv, rj:oj; ]Oifeef sw. ... OifuofN.sw. ... uofpAwf:yefvh;bl, uofqhg; yefvh;bl, ...}ehqldof:eh. rj:tgef;ogef:aepmif;zmifoj; ref:yAefulef:q[vD/
• ]]rldof;vhmvhmoj;awqgh; ayj:vlof,rj:arjtD,thg;cif:oj;trf,wef:}}? rldof; tkyf,uefvhmvhmsw. wkdef:wlof;wef:wj,aw qhg;xSrfpof:wj,aO,? vlof,rldof;v[auj; vmwf;rj:? ulnf:uj; ayj:vlof,rj:aw.sw. arjvdif.arjsv, cif:rAof:ekdif;rAof: Ogifpjwmif;so;ySwf;/
• ]]uh.aecldif;clof:r[, P;xmif,b[,cdif:ref:? ayj:bgef:bdrftrf, zgrf.vmwf;uSwf, vgrf.oh:oh:}}? arjtofclof:cgiftefekdif; bof. tefekdif;rj:ae rj:Orf,rj:rSef pAwf:P;pof: xmif,b[,aO bof.y[.uof:tofrldof;pof:xmif,b[,aO ykdif;tdif bgrf:pyf.ref: ulnf:uj; clof:cgiftefref:rD: tefref:uh.rj:aeqldof:eef. wkdef:oj;tef,wgef. yefwkdof:? yef bdrf? yeful;vj:vj:/
• ]]trf,arjwuf.zhm,ej; qmif;sv,cj.ohm:vif}}? rldof;N.rldof;pefpof:vmwf;rSef;? pAwf:rSef;vgif;tef trf,Omif, xkuf,aO teftefeef. trf,wgef.wuf.zhm,ej;? trf,wgef.arj yef'mif.pof:aOtrf,uj: Orf.yhmqmif;arjtofuGj,tkyf,zmof, cj.xkdifqkdof; pof:ohm:vif? pAwf:P;yldef;pefvD ref:aO P;yldef;pefzdwf:pof:/

e[:cofqldof:tef aerj:yj;eldofeh. yAefzmifpmif;tlnf: auj.ygrfvgef.vgef.bof.? Oifoj;vh;tAef;auj.uefwlnf:sv;vh; pefzmifpmif; tlnf:auj.ygrfqldof:eef. tguf,rj:ayj: ehqkdif ykwfx qof;oj; P;so;uhuhehbof./ ref:qof;yefwmif:pefxkdifoh.oj; wlduf; wD;oj;e[:wlif,olif:pdrf:Mrf: qof;uof,eef. pjtlnf:auj.vD trf,rD: ayj:ehqkdif zldof,wj.bl,pif:ulnf: auj.vAofeh.vDaOyldef;eh bof./

zgef:phm.vh;pAwf:auj.ulef:zdwf:

zgef:phm.vliftefvh;pAwf:auj.ulef:zdwf: teftrf,arj vlduf;auj.vD trf,vDeef. yldifwSuf;ref:wlnf:tofckefapjcrf: tqj wOwfwk (tqjwOmwf;) vh;vAef;auj.rSef;qof; awowwfw (qof;awowmwf;) eef.ulnf:auj;N.qSif;vDbl,/ wD;eh;pof:xkuf,vDtofwgef; Ogefqgrf: ckefapjcrf: tqjw Owfwkaw.aw.? ugyf;Oifsv;oj;eef rldof;zgif:eef. zl;tef vDawj,eldofzDeldofulef: tefcmrf,qkef.Okef,wlofaO pAwf:yef zgef:vDykef;wj, aoaebB Owfwoj,wif:OAif; tefrSwf;vldofyldef;wif:OAif; tefMif.oj; OrfrjOrfYkWfxTzj: yAefqof;pof:auj; zkwf:rj:yefrD:bl,wif:wlef? ckdwf:auj;Orf. ckdwf:bl,vDvD awoj;uloftrf, N.quf:Tzj:auj; auj.yAeftl; ref:qof;ckefapjcrf: ydrfydOjIeef. Orf.ayj:yAef tkyjOuj vDvlifTzj:yAefqof;aO xkdifpmef.ayj:vh; aOjwjyefe (aOj: wj,yef,)uGj,ugef,? wmrfwlofref:auj; Oifoj;ref:trf,vh;tof ayj;ref:whref:wkdef: rD:yjIrDtefxkdifyAefvh; aOjwyefeqldif.eif,ayj;ref:qof;eif,uof, pAwf:Oifsv;xkdif wD;ref:qof; Orf.ayj:vh;cjzDayj;qof;auB:ql:ref:qof; awj,xkdifayj;ref:qof;ayj: vh;OAif;Ohmq[uGj,? wlofref:qhm:auj;vh;xkuf,rSef; ydwkcjwuurfraOohm:ref;qof; egef:sz:bof. xkdifwD;vh;wluf:xkdif rldif:iIhm:uGj,ugef,vj,? ayj:xwf:Omifwlnf: vDvDqkdifyduf.Orf.oj; ref:qof;rD:umrf, rD:rkefvDaO vh;rj:uldwf,yAefulef:aOtrf,uj: Orf.yhmvh;rj:uldwf,yAefvkuf;qhm: ckefapjcrf:vlif yAefauj.bl, aOwj.auj;bgef.yldof; oj;pAwf:auj.rSef;ulef:zdwf:? vlduf;nj:tlnf: auj.zdwf:? tlnf:auj.ygrf? ref:qof;trf,arjqSuf,arjvlduf; arjwlnf:Ohmihmulef: z[vDz[rlduf;qArfrldof;ref:qof; yh,vh;ruf:ref;oj;yAefauj.tefukdif, vDbkrf,brfwj,ref:eef.sv; ukdif.uif.bkrf,ihm; aOuGj,bkrf,brfpAwf: auj.rSef;zl;rlduf;vlifawowwfwtef tmif;tofTzj:whmaO tmef: ckdef;yAefTzj:eef.bof./

acj;vlyf:vkdef:

uGmrf;wh:rD:oh.oj;]q[ulef:trf,Nrf;xlnf; urf;zgif;ch;udefulnf;uyf:uldof} ehbof.? ygif,oj;ulef:ekdif;auj.auj;yAefq[ekdif;OAef; wkdef:trf,qmif;rldefuefvh; auj.ekdif;sv;auj.ekdif; yhm:olef.auj;trf,rldefuef? wmif:bmrf;wmif:Olifauj; ySuf,yldif;uef? wmif:pAwf; wmif:Omif;auj;N.wkdef:uGj,uefoh.bl,? ugyf;eefsv; tdifeldof vgif;tef trf,rldefuefeef.aO qif,qmif;rD:rj:vh; ulef:vD ulef:phm.bof./ awj;trf,yh,oj;ulef:auj.ekdif;sv;auj.ekdif; rD:vgif; ySuf,yldif;uefvl:ugef, awj;wlofvAofq[vAoftgef,pof:eh.ulnf:auj; tdifeldofcmof:bmrf: aOsv;Oif? tdifeldofpdrf:Mrf: aOsv;Oif bif:qmif;arj;ydef,ySif;vSuf;vhm;uGj,bl,? ugyf; yldof;wkdef:qmif;rD:vgif; vSuf;vhm;eif,eefsv; vgif;vSuf;vhm;eef. bj,ayP; yAefvgif;vSuf; vhm;tefvkuf.wD;O[aObAef:yAef ckef, P;vh;yAefvgif;vSuf;vhm;tef vkuf.wD;ckef,aObAef:O[aO q[zlduf,qkdef;cmofO[tgef, tefyh,wgef.bmrf;vh;wAef;cgef: qgrf: tlnf:auj.rlduf;vldif:aO bif:wkduf.edrf vDbl,qgef:qgef:eef.sv;Oif? tefwgef.bmrf;vh;ekdifwlif.aO ydofzlif.uGj,qgrf:tlnf: auj.rlduf;r[;qldof:eef.sv;Oif eif,pkdofref: Orf.ayj:awtrf, vh;Ndif;vh;uldif:uGj,ql:tlnf:auj.rlduf; P;Orf. ayj:arjvlduf;uGj, pjNrf;Mrf:vlnf;qgrf:tlnf:auj.vD? tlnf:auj.aw.? tlnf:auj.qSwf; qmif,eef. zl;wSrf;vduf;q[rmif,rkif;rgif:oj; vduf;Mrfwgrftgef, Nofeh.awqhg;yef'mif. rldefeif,vSrfpmof:tgef,ekdif;vSrf;wj, ymif.bdyf:qef yefwmif:urf.xSrf wj,zl; vlvduf;pof:cof P;ayj:qSuf,szvh; auj.v[awtgefvD? auj.v[awtgefcDehaO P;tgef uefrD: wmif:ckdef;b[,r[,Okifvlnf;qgrf: tlnf:auj.vD z[ref:aOurf: vlnf;/ /

zkdeftdif

1. tifukwfwIedujbyjvd tdwf,wD;urf,zjat:wj;ukif;? yD
2. wDcedujbyjvd
3. Orfbkwfwedujbyjvd
4. qlvoufuyjvd
5. xrfrywyjvd
6. ckwfwuedujbyjvd
7. cmof:wmif:OD,Nof,rhm-9? tdwf,wD;wj;ukif;? rldof;yD 2007
8. vjueD,wdydef,wh:sv;acj;Oyf:vSif:ref:? qof;eef,worf,O (xrf,rj,qIdb?M.A)tdwf,wD;qmuf;tdwf,vduf;rguf,ul,Ohg;vSif? OAef; wmif:yBD,wj;ukif;? yDwh: - 2093
9. Dale Carnegie, How to win friends & Influence people, Pocket Books New York London Toronto Sydney, September 1982

wSrf;- qof;ynfnjazju rgef:wh: (erf.vef;)

(acj;bgef:Oif,-
rl,vduf;plofeh. cof;yj:e[:yyf. cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rhm-11 eef.aO rldif:cldof:eSwf.pof:cj; vh;bgef:teknmwf. (acj;cGmif:yef) wD;qof;zl;wSrf;vduf; qof;cl:yef,nj,azj:uaO rD:acj;bldif:tmef: wj,yD;egif.wh:pof: qldof:tmefbl,uh qldof:tefyh,vh; vltmef,rSef;eef.aO qif,vh;ckdef: tofykdefszrj:eif,ehcj;bof./ Oifoj;c[;vl, c[;pefacj;urf.acj;bef (zkwf.elwf.) rl,vduf;eh.qkdif uGj,pjvltmeftof e[:yyf.cmof:wmif:OD,plof, rhm-11eef.aOurf:cj;/)

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ေတသုတ္ꨳေတꨟူꨓ္ ပꨓ္ꨀူꨓ္းꨅူꨓ္ꨟꨣꨵ
ေတꨓူꨀ္ꨲေတတုိဝ္ ပꨓ္ပူိꨓ္ꨳထူိဝ္
ေတတုိင္ꨳꨁုိꨓ္ꨳꨓꨣꨳꨬꨓꨲ ေတꨀုိတ္းထꨣꨳ
ေတꨀူမ္ꨳေတꨀြမ္း ေတယြမ္းတိꨀ္း꨸ꨟုိဝ္
ေတꨅုိꨓ္ꨲꨟꨰင္းတꨱမ္ပိꨀ္းေသ ꨁုိꨓ္ꨳထုိင္ꨅိꨀ္း
ေꨀꨣꨵꨁဝ္ꨡူꨉ္ꨵ ꨷
တꨤင္းသြင္သꨱꨓ္ꨳꨓꨯꨵ ေတလူိꨀ္ꨳသꨱꨓ္ꨳလ္ꨮ?

တꨰမ္ꨳ- မꨯꨤꨲꨅꨤဝ္းꨅꨤဝ္း